John Howard and Elizabeth Fry were pivotal figures in prison reform during the 18th and 19th centuries. Their efforts led to significant changes in the penal system, advocating for humane treatment and rehabilitation over retribution. Howard's work resulted in the Penitentiary Act of 1779, while Fry's influence contributed to the Gaols Act of 1823, both aiming to improve prison conditions and inmate welfare.
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John Howard used his position as High Sheriff of Bedfordshire to expose the appalling conditions within prisons
Detailed inquiries and reports
John Howard's detailed inquiries and subsequent reports were instrumental in the passage of the Penitentiary Act of 1779
John Howard's advocacy efforts resulted in the passage of the Penitentiary Act of 1779, which aimed to improve the conditions of prisons
Elizabeth Fry, a Quaker, advocated for prison reform based on her religious beliefs
Deplorable conditions at Newgate Prison
After witnessing the deplorable conditions at Newgate Prison, Elizabeth Fry established the Association for the Improvement of the Female Prisoners in Newgate
Elizabeth Fry's advocacy efforts contributed to the passage of the Gaols Act of 1823, which mandated improvements in prison conditions
The prisons of the 18th and 19th centuries were notorious for their inhumane conditions, including overcrowding, unsanitary environments, and rampant disease
The penal philosophy of the time was retributive, with little emphasis on rehabilitation or the well-being of inmates
John Howard's inspections revealed a system plagued by corruption and neglect, while Elizabeth Fry's experiences at Newgate Prison highlighted the particularly dire conditions faced by women and children
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John Howard's key publication
Published 'The State of the Prisons in England and Wales', exposing poor prison conditions.
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Legislative outcome of Howard's efforts
Influenced the Penitentiary Act of 1779, aiming to improve prison conditions.
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Elizabeth Fry's focus within prison reform
Advocated for humane treatment of women and children prisoners, improved sanitation, education, and work.
