Exploring the principles of solubility, this overview delves into saturated solutions, solubility product constants (Ksp), and the common ion effect. Solubility defines how much a solute can dissolve in a solvent, with Ksp providing insights into the solubility of sparingly soluble ionic compounds. The common ion effect, explained by Le Chatelier's Principle, shows how solubility is influenced by the presence of a common ion in the solution.
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Solubility is the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a specific volume of solvent at a given temperature
Grams per Liter (g/L)
Solubility can be expressed in units of grams per liter (g/L)
Moles per Liter (mol/L)
Solubility can also be expressed in units of moles per liter (mol/L)
A saturated solution is when no more solute can dissolve in a solvent
The solubility product constant (Ksp) is an equilibrium constant that describes the solubility equilibrium of sparingly soluble ionic compounds
Construction of Ksp Expression
The Ksp expression is constructed by multiplying the equilibrium concentrations of the ions, each raised to the power of its stoichiometric coefficient in the balanced equation
Units of Ksp
The units of Ksp are derived from the concentration units used, typically moles per liter (mol/L)
Ksp is useful for predicting precipitation and understanding the common ion effect in chemical solubility
The common ion effect is the reduction in solubility of an ionic compound when a common ion is added to the solution
The common ion effect is due to a shift in the equilibrium to favor the formation of the solid compound, reducing the concentration of dissolved ions, in accordance with Le Chatelier's Principle
The Ksp value remains constant, but any variation in ion concentration will prompt an equilibrium shift to maintain the Ksp value
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Common units for expressing solubility
Solubility is expressed in grams per liter (g/L) or moles per liter (mol/L).
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Role of temperature in solubility
Temperature affects solubility; for most substances, solubility increases with temperature.
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Solubility of solutes in water
Water is the most common solvent; solubility in water varies for different solutes.
