Human memory is a complex system crucial for psychological functioning, involving encoding, storing, and retrieving information. It consists of sensory, short-term, and long-term memory, each with distinct roles. Groundbreaking experiments by researchers like Ebbinghaus, Baddeley, and Tulving have deepened our understanding of memory's structure and function. Contemporary studies continue to explore the neural underpinnings and development of memory, with implications for education and therapy.
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Sensory memory briefly holds information
Working Memory
Working memory has a limited capacity and duration
Short-term memory can hold a limited amount of information for a short period
Episodic Memory
Episodic memory stores personal experiences
Semantic Memory
Semantic memory stores general knowledge and facts
Long-term memory can store vast amounts of information for extended periods
The Multi-Store Model proposes that memory consists of three stores: sensory, short-term, and long-term
The Working Memory Model suggests that working memory consists of multiple components responsible for different aspects of information processing
Endel Tulving's work differentiated long-term memory into episodic and semantic memories, enhancing our understanding of how different types of information are processed and stored
Baddeley's 1966 study on the influence of acoustic and semantic properties on memory recall provided key insights that informed the development of the Working Memory Model
Semantic Memory
Schmolck et al.'s investigation into the role of the hippocampus in semantic memory in patients with temporal lobe damage provided important insights
Episodic Memory
Steyvers and Hemmer's study on the effects of prior knowledge on the recall of episodic memories challenged existing theories
Research by Sebastián and Hernández-Gil on the phonological loop in children has provided evidence that working memory capacities develop with age and may vary across cultures