Drive-Reduction Theory, developed by Clark L. Hull, posits that human behavior is driven by the need to maintain homeostasis. It explains how physiological needs create drives that lead to actions aimed at restoring balance, such as eating when hungry or seeking warmth when cold. However, the theory has limitations, as it doesn't fully address motivations stemming from social, emotional, or cognitive factors, nor does it explain behaviors that increase tension, like thrill-seeking.
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The Drive-Reduction Theory was created by psychologist Clark L. Hull in 1943
Homeostasis
Homeostasis is the body's automatic efforts to maintain a constant, optimal internal environment
Physiological disruptions
Physiological disruptions, such as hunger or thirst, trigger a drive state that motivates actions to correct the imbalance
The Drive-Reduction Theory explains how biological needs and homeostasis drive human behavior
The sensation of thirst leads to the drive to drink, which is then satisfied by consuming liquids
Overheating leads to the drive to seek a cooler environment, prompting actions such as moving to a shaded area or consuming cold beverages
Behaviors such as thrill-seeking and engaging in challenging tasks for personal growth suggest that humans are driven by a need for stimulation and the satisfaction of achieving personal goals
While Drive-Reduction Theory provides a solid foundation for understanding certain types of motivation, it falls short in addressing the complexities of human behavior that extend beyond physiological needs
The theory does not fully explain motivations driven by social, emotional, or cognitive desires
The theory does not account for behaviors that seemingly contradict the drive to reduce discomfort, such as thrill-seeking or engaging in challenging tasks for personal growth
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Drive-Reduction Theory Originator
Clark L. Hull, 1943
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Homeostasis in Drive-Reduction Theory
Biological needs aim to maintain stable internal state
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Drive State Example: Thirst
Thirst creates drive to drink, restoring equilibrium by consuming liquids
