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The Life and Legacy of Hayreddin Barbarossa

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Hayreddin Barbarossa, an iconic Ottoman naval commander, rose from privateering with his brothers to the rank of Kapudan Pasha, Grand Admiral of the Ottoman Navy. His strategic victories, including the capture of Algiers and the Battle of Preveza, and his humanitarian efforts in relocating Moriscos from Spain, established his legacy as a defender of Muslim interests and a formidable force against European powers during the 16th century.

Early Life and Maritime Beginnings of Hayreddin Barbarossa

Hayreddin Barbarossa, born Khizr or Khidr, emerged during the Ottoman Empire's expansion, with his birth on the island of Lesbos (then Midilli) estimated to be between 1466 and 1478. Alongside his brothers Oruç and Ilyas, Khidr ventured into maritime commerce, but their trade was frequently disrupted by the Knights Hospitaller, who targeted Muslim ships. This aggression prompted the brothers to embrace privateering, with the sanction of regional Ottoman authorities, to defend their interests and retaliate against the Christian naval forces. Oruç, nicknamed Barbarossa ("Redbeard") for his distinctive red beard, led the way in these endeavors, with Khidr and Ilyas soon joining the ranks.
Ottoman wooden galley with billowing white sails navigates the blue-green sea, sailors in period attire work on deck under a clear sky.

The Rise of the Barbarossa Brothers as Privateers

The Barbarossa brothers' transition to privateering was a strategic move against the Knights Hospitaller, who endangered Muslim maritime trade in the Mediterranean. Their efforts were bolstered by the support of Şehzade Korkut, son of Sultan Bayezid II, who provided them with ships in return for their aid against the Hospitallers. This alliance with the Ottoman elite marked the onset of their fame as they began to successfully raid Hospitaller vessels and Spanish territories, earning a reputation that oscillated between notoriety and admiration for their maritime prowess.

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00

______, originally named Khizr or Khidr, became prominent during the ______ Empire's growth, believed to be born around 1466 to 1478 on ______ (formerly Midilli).

Hayreddin Barbarossa

Ottoman

the island of Lesbos

01

Barbarossa brothers' main adversary

Knights Hospitaller - threatened Muslim maritime trade in Mediterranean.

02

Barbarossa brothers' Ottoman support

Şehzade Korkut, son of Sultan Bayezid II - provided ships for aid against Hospitallers.

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