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Exploring Africa's geographical dimensions reveals its vast landscapes, from the Sahara Desert to tropical rainforests. The continent's climate varies from arid to subarctic, with environmental challenges like deforestation and soil degradation threatening its biodiversity. Conservation initiatives aim to protect Africa's unique wildlife, while trans-boundary water cooperation is crucial for sustainable resource management.
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Africa is the second-largest continent on Earth, bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north and Asia at the Suez Isthmus
Distance
Africa spans about 8,000 kilometers from its northernmost point in Tunisia to its southernmost tip in South Africa
Extremities
The westernmost point is at Cape Verde and the easternmost at Ras Hafun in Somalia
Africa's coastline is approximately 26,000 kilometers long and relatively smooth with few deep inlets
Africa's climate ranges from tropical in the equatorial regions to subarctic on its highest mountains
Deforestation
Deforestation occurs at a rate twice the global average in Africa, particularly in West Africa and Madagascar
Soil Degradation
65% of Africa's land used for agriculture is affected by soil degradation, posing a threat to food security and sustainable development
Africa has a network of over 3,000 protected areas to preserve its rich biodiversity, but faces challenges such as illegal poaching and habitat loss
Africa has numerous shared water resources, including major rivers and lakes, covering 75% of sub-Saharan Africa
Initiatives
The Nile Basin Initiative and the SADC Water Sector have been established to promote cooperation and resolve potential conflicts
Challenges
Challenges remain in harmonizing national interests, enhancing institutional capacities, and securing financial resources for comprehensive water management strategies in Africa
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Africa's size rank among continents
Second-largest continent on Earth
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Africa's northern and southern boundaries
Mediterranean Sea to the north, Cape Agulhas to the south
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Africa's unique coastline feature
Relatively smooth with few deep inlets
