International law provides a framework for global interactions, governing state conduct and international entities in areas like trade, human rights, and environmental protection. It has evolved from ancient treaties to modern principles of sovereignty and non-interference, with the United Nations playing a pivotal role in its development. Key branches include public and private international law, as well as supranational law, with the ICJ addressing legal disputes.
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International law governs the conduct of sovereign states and other international entities
International law aims to facilitate cooperation in areas such as peacekeeping, trade, environmental protection, and human rights
International law applies to both states and entities like the European Union
International law can be traced back to ancient treaties and agreements, such as the Egyptian-Hittite peace agreement
The evolution of international law was influenced by philosophical concepts like natural law and positive law
The modern era saw significant progress in the codification of international law, with figures like Hugo Grotius playing a crucial role
The principle of "pacta sunt servanda" states that treaties and agreements must be honored, encouraging adherence through mutual benefits and potential consequences
Sovereignty, the authority of a state to govern itself, is a fundamental principle of international law and shapes the modern international order
The Westphalian system, established in 1648, recognized the norm of non-interference in the domestic affairs of other states and the sovereignty and territorial integrity of states
International law is divided into public international law, private international law, and supranational law
International human rights law seeks to uphold and advance human rights worldwide through treaties and customary international law
International environmental law aims to address global environmental issues through collaborative efforts and treaties
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Key principle: 'pacta sunt servanda'
Treaties and agreements must be honored; foundational for international law's effectiveness.
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Enforcement of international law
No central authority; relies on mutual benefits, diplomatic and economic consequences to ensure compliance.
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Scope beyond sovereign states
Applies to entities like the EU, affecting broader range of international actors beyond just states.
