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Variables in Experimental Research

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Exploring the fundamentals of variables in research, this overview highlights the roles of independent and dependent variables in experimental studies. It delves into how researchers manipulate the independent variable to observe effects on the dependent variable, and the importance of controlling extraneous and confounding variables. Operationalisation of variables for precise measurement and study replication is also discussed, emphasizing the need for clarity in scientific inquiry.

Fundamentals of Variables in Research

Variables are the cornerstone of experimental research, serving as the elements that are either manipulated or measured to explore relationships within a study. They are classified into various types, with the most critical being the independent variable (IV) and the dependent variable (DV). The IV is the factor that researchers control or change to observe its effect on the DV, which is the outcome of interest. A thorough understanding of these variables is essential for designing experiments that can effectively test hypotheses and analyze cause-and-effect dynamics.
Laboratory with three glass beakers with blue liquid, digital thermometer, person in lab coat using dropper and rack with colored test tubes.

The Function of Independent Variables

The independent variable is the element that researchers manipulate to determine its effect on the dependent variable, establishing a cause-and-effect relationship. For example, in a study examining the influence of social media usage on self-esteem, the IV would be the amount of time spent on social media platforms. Researchers would vary this variable to see if it leads to changes in self-esteem, the DV. Selecting an appropriate IV is crucial for the validity of the experiment, as it underpins the investigation's structure.

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00

In experimental research, the ______ is controlled or changed to see its impact on the ______, which is the outcome researchers are interested in.

independent variable (IV)

dependent variable (DV)

01

Definition of Independent Variable (IV)

Variable manipulated by researchers to observe effects on the dependent variable.

02

Definition of Dependent Variable (DV)

Variable measured to assess the impact of changes in the independent variable.

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