Photosynthesis in Plants

During the light-dependent reactions, ______ is created from ADP and inorganic phosphate through a process called photophosphorylation.

The main route of photophosphorylation, involving both ______ and ______, leads to the formation of ATP and NADPH.

In non-cyclic photophosphorylation, electrons do not circle back to their origin but are utilized to convert ______ to ______.

Cells may rely on cyclic photophosphorylation when the need for ______ surpasses the demand for ______.

Role of photolysis in photosystem II

Function of the oxygen-evolving complex

Proton gradient and ATP synthesis

During the Calvin cycle, the enzyme ______ catalyzes the reaction of CO2 with ______ to produce 3-phosphoglycerate.

The Calvin cycle uses energy from ______ and reducing power from ______ to transform 3-phosphoglycerate into G3P.

G3P, produced in the Calvin cycle, is a precursor for synthesizing ______ and other important ______.

Function of RuBisCO in carbon fixation

C4 photosynthesis advantage in specific climates

CAM photosynthesis nocturnal CO2 fixation

Most plants convert only about ______ to ______% of the available light energy into organic compounds.

Unused light energy during photosynthesis is mainly released as ______, and a smaller amount as fluorescence.