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The serial position effect in memory highlights how the order of items in a sequence affects our recall, with better memory for the first and last items. This psychological phenomenon, supported by Murdock's 1962 study, underpins theories of how information is processed and retained in human memory, influencing educational and learning strategies.
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The phenomenon where the order of items in a sequence can impact our ability to remember them
Primacy Effect
The tendency to better remember items at the beginning of a list
Recency Effect
The tendency to better remember items at the end of a list
The concept was first introduced by Hermann Ebbinghaus and later tested by Bennet Murdock in 1962
In 1962, psychologist Bennet Murdock conducted an experiment that provided evidence for the serial position effect
Repeated-Measures Design
The use of the same participants to recall different lists minimized individual differences in the results
Serial Position Curve
A graphical representation of the pattern of recall for items at the beginning and end of a list
The primacy effect is due to extensive rehearsal, while the recency effect is due to items still being in short-term memory at the time of recall
Understanding the serial position effect can inform how information is structured for optimal learning and retention
Murdock's findings align with the multi-store model of memory proposed by Atkinson and Shiffrin in 1968
Subsequent studies, such as Glanzer and Cunitz's in 1966, have supported Murdock's findings and further explored the link between the recency effect and short-term memory
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The concept of how item order affects memory recall was first introduced by ______ ______, and empirically tested by ______ ______ in the year ______.
Hermann Ebbinghaus
Bennet Murdock
1962
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Serial Position Effect Study Year
1962, Bennet Murdock's experiment year
02
Serial Position Effect Participants
16 psychology students
