The Third Fitna marked a period of civil strife that led to the decline of the Umayyad Caliphate and the rise of the Abbasid dynasty. Key figures like Yazid ibn al-Walid, Marwan II, and Abu Muslim played pivotal roles in the power struggles and rebellions that characterized this era. The Abbasid Revolution, emerging from this conflict, initiated a new era of Islamic governance and cultural flourishing that lasted until the 16th century.
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Yazid ibn al-Walid's rebellion against the Umayyad Caliph al-Walid II sparked the Third Fitna
Controversial rule of al-Walid II
Al-Walid II's policies and behavior caused discontent among the Islamic populace, leading to the weakening of the Umayyad dynasty
The Third Fitna signaled the downfall of the Umayyads and paved the way for the Abbasid Revolution
The Third Fitna was characterized by abrupt and violent power transitions
The Third Fitna featured widespread discord among the Islamic community
The Third Fitna ultimately led to the downfall of the Umayyad dynasty
Marwan II, a relative of Marwan I, claimed the caliphate for himself
Marwan II's capture of Damascus and relocation of the capital to Harran were critical developments in the Third Fitna
Marwan II faced challenges to his authority, including revolts and opposition from various groups
Abu Muslim's rebellion in Khurasan sparked the Abbasid Revolution
The Abbasid forces, led by Abu Muslim, proclaimed al-Saffah as the new caliph
The Abbasid victory in the Battle of the Zab marked the end of the Umayyad Caliphate and the beginning of Abbasid rule
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Third Fitna's initial rebellion leader
Yazid ibn al-Walid led the initial rebellion against Caliph al-Walid II in 744 CE.
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Main cause of discontent during al-Walid II's rule
Al-Walid II's controversial policies and behavior sparked widespread discontent.
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Outcome of the Third Fitna for the Umayyad dynasty
The Third Fitna led to the Umayyad dynasty's downfall and the rise of the Abbasid Caliphate.
