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The U.S. judicial system is a complex hierarchy of courts, from state and federal levels to specialized tribunals like bankruptcy and probate courts. It covers a range of cases, including local disputes, national issues, and specific legal fields. The system ensures justice through court orders, legal dispositions, and the integration of forensic psychology.
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State courts handle local disputes and are established under state constitutions and laws
Supreme Court
The Supreme Court interprets the Constitution and adjudicates cases with nationwide implications
Appellate Courts
Appellate courts review decisions from lower courts to ensure legal correctness
District Courts
District courts serve as the primary trial courts for federal matters
Specialized courts, such as bankruptcy and probate courts, are tailored to specific legal fields and handle cases that require particular expertise
Federal courts have limited jurisdiction and hear cases involving the federal government, federal statutes, or constitutional issues
State courts possess general jurisdiction and cover a wide array of matters, including those governed by state laws, personal disputes, and property issues
Certain cases, such as federal crimes, fall exclusively under federal jurisdiction, while others, like family law cases, are shared between federal and state courts
Court orders are authoritative directives from judges that govern the conduct of parties within a legal case
Legal dispositions are the final outcomes of court cases, including guilty verdicts, settlements, or case dismissals
Objections in the courtroom are formal protests made by attorneys to question the admissibility or appropriateness of evidence or testimony
Hearings are procedural events where legal arguments and evidence are presented, ranging from preliminary hearings to complex trials
Forensic psychology applies psychological insights to legal cases, playing a pivotal role in the judicial process
In criminal courts, forensic psychologists may evaluate defendants' mental competency or risk of reoffending
In civil courts, forensic psychologists may assess emotional distress or the psychological effects of injury
In family courts, forensic psychologists' evaluations can inform decisions on child custody
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Hierarchy of Courts
Organized levels of courts from lower to higher authority, administering justice.
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State vs. Federal Courts
State courts handle local disputes under state laws; federal courts address national issues under U.S. Constitution.
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Specialized Courts Function
Courts like bankruptcy, probate, focusing on specific legal areas requiring particular expertise.
