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Elitism Theory in Political Science

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Elitism Theory in political science explores the influence of a select group of elites on power dynamics and policy-making in democratic societies. It contrasts with Pluralist Theory, which suggests power is spread across diverse groups. The text delves into the historical roots, manifestations in policy, and the debate on elite versus popular control in governance.

Understanding Elitism Theory in Political Science

Elitism Theory in political science asserts that a small, select group of individuals, often referred to as the elite, holds a disproportionate amount of power and influence in society. This theory challenges the notion of widespread political equality, suggesting instead that true power is concentrated in the hands of the few who control critical resources and decision-making processes. The roots of Elitism Theory can be traced back to the writings of classical philosophers like Plato and Machiavelli, and it has been expanded upon by 20th-century theorists such as Gaetano Mosca, Robert Michels, and C. Wright Mills. Elitism Theory serves as a framework for analyzing the power structures within various political systems, especially within nominal democracies.
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The Dynamics of Elitism in Democratic Societies

Elitism manifests in the form of a cohesive and often self-interested elite class that dominates the political landscape. This group typically shares common backgrounds, education, and ideologies, which facilitates unified and strategic decision-making. Their control over key societal institutions allows them to exert a significant influence on policy and governance, often at the expense of broader, popular participation. The theory posits that in democratic societies, the majority's influence is frequently overshadowed by the elite's power, thereby questioning the effectiveness of democratic ideals such as majority rule and equitable political representation.

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Key proponents of Elitism Theory

Classical: Plato, Machiavelli. 20th-century: Mosca, Michels, Mills.

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Elitism Theory's view on political equality

Challenges notion of widespread equality, posits power is held by a select few.

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Elitism Theory's relevance to political systems

Analytical framework for power structures, especially in nominal democracies.

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