Elitism Theory in political science explores the influence of a select group of elites on power dynamics and policy-making in democratic societies. It contrasts with Pluralist Theory, which suggests power is spread across diverse groups. The text delves into the historical roots, manifestations in policy, and the debate on elite versus popular control in governance.
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Elitism Theory asserts that a small, select group of individuals holds disproportionate power and influence in society
Control of critical resources and decision-making processes
Elites in society have control over key resources and decision-making processes, giving them a disproportionate amount of power
Elitism Theory can be traced back to classical philosophers and has been expanded upon by 20th-century theorists
Elites in society often share common backgrounds, education, and ideologies, allowing them to make unified and strategic decisions
Elites' control over important institutions allows them to exert significant influence on policy and governance
Elites' power often overshadows the influence of the majority, calling into question the effectiveness of democratic ideals
Proponents argue that elites' concentrated power can lead to more decisive and informed governance
Corruption and erosion of democratic accountability
Critics of elitism highlight the risks of concentrated power, including corruption and erosion of democratic accountability
Marginalization of the general populace's political voice
Elites' dominance in society can lead to the marginalization of the general populace's political voice
The debate between elitism and pluralism highlights fundamental differences in perspectives on power and influence in political systems
Elitism Theory and Pluralist Theory offer contrasting views on how power and influence operate within political systems
Pluralism suggests that interest groups play a crucial role in representing diverse societal interests and contribute to a more democratic policy-making process
The debate between elitism and pluralism highlights the ongoing discussion about finding the optimal balance between elite leadership and popular control in democratic systems
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Key proponents of Elitism Theory
Classical: Plato, Machiavelli. 20th-century: Mosca, Michels, Mills.
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Elitism Theory's view on political equality
Challenges notion of widespread equality, posits power is held by a select few.
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Elitism Theory's relevance to political systems
Analytical framework for power structures, especially in nominal democracies.
