Exploring the intricacies of memory, this overview delves into the cognitive processes of encoding, storing, and retrieving information. It distinguishes between sensory, short-term, and long-term memory, each with distinct functions and capacities. The text also examines theoretical models like the multi-store and working memory models, addressing memory's limitations such as interference and retrieval failures. Furthermore, it provides practical techniques for improving memory performance, essential for learning and daily life.
Show More
Memory is a critical cognitive function that enables individuals to encode, store, and retrieve information
Sensory Memory
Sensory memory is the initial, temporary storage of sensory information, lasting only a brief moment
Short-term Memory (STM)
STM holds information for a short duration and has a limited capacity, requiring conscious effort to maintain information through rehearsal
Long-term Memory (LTM)
LTM has a potentially unlimited capacity and can store information indefinitely, encompassing episodic, semantic, and procedural memory
The multi-store memory model and working memory model offer valuable perspectives on memory's operational mechanisms
Encoding
Encoding is the process of transforming sensory information into a format the brain can use
Storage
Storage is the maintenance of information over time
Retrieval
Retrieval is the ability to access and use stored information when necessary
Interference Theory
Interference theory explains that long-term memory forgetting occurs when similar memories interfere with each other
Retrieval Failure
Retrieval failure, also known as cue-dependent forgetting, occurs when the absence of specific cues prevents the recall of information from memory
Strategies such as concentrated attention, spaced repetition, and mnemonic devices can improve memory encoding and retrieval
00
Memory allows individuals to ______, ______, and ______ information, which is vital for learning and decision-making.
encode
store
retrieve
01
Duration of Sensory Memory
Lasts a brief moment, initial temporary storage of sensory info.
02
Capacity and Duration of STM
Holds info for 20-30 seconds, limited to 7±2 items.
