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Social Identity Theory, developed by Henri Tajfel and John Turner, delves into how group membership influences individual identity and social behavior. It highlights cognitive mechanisms like categorization, identification, and comparison, which lead to in-group favoritism and out-group discrimination. The theory's empirical evidence and its implications for politics, social discrimination, and contemporary societal issues are discussed, emphasizing its significance in understanding intergroup relations.
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Social Identity Theory explains the role of group membership in shaping an individual's identity
Henri Tajfel
Tajfel's observations of intergroup behavior and experiences during World War II led to the development of Social Identity Theory
John Turner
Turner collaborated with Tajfel in formulating Social Identity Theory
Tajfel's experiences during World War II highlighted the profound impact of group affiliation on human behavior
Individuals categorize themselves and others into social groups based on shared attributes
Individuals adopt the identity of their categorized group, contributing to their self-esteem
The process of organizing social stimuli into groups based on shared attributes
The stage where individuals adopt the identity of their categorized group, contributing to their self-esteem
Contrasting one's own group with other groups, often leading to biased evaluations that favor the in-group
Tajfel's experiments demonstrated how minimal conditions are sufficient for discrimination to emerge, supporting Social Identity Theory
Insufficient Predictive Power
Social Identity Theory has been criticized for its sometimes insufficient predictive power regarding specific individual behaviors
Limited Consideration of Factors
The theory has been criticized for its limited consideration of the influence of cultural, historical, and situational factors on group behavior
Social Identity Theory explains the psychological foundations of identity politics and how it can either contribute to social progress or perpetuate existing divisions
The theory highlights how in-group bias and out-group prejudice can profoundly affect societal structures and individual experiences
The real-world manifestations of Social Identity Theory underscore its relevance and applicability in understanding societal interactions
00
The theory arose from observations of group dynamics and the impactful experiences of its co-creator, ______, during ______.
Henri Tajfel
World War II
01
According to the theory, individuals classify themselves and others into groups based on characteristics like ______, ______, or ______.
ethnicity
religion
sports teams
02
This theory elucidates why people might show preference for their own group, known as ______, while discriminating against non-members, referred to as ______.
in-group favoritism
out-groups
