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Culture encompasses the beliefs, values, customs, and behaviors shared by a society. It's divided into material and non-material culture, with the Iceberg Model illustrating its visible and invisible layers. Anthropologists use ethnographic methods to study culture, emphasizing cultural relativism. The text also discusses cultural expressions, subcultures, countercultures, and the impact of globalization on cultural dynamics.
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Culture is a framework of shared beliefs, values, customs, behaviors, and artifacts that distinguish one society from another
Physical Objects and Artifacts
Material culture includes physical objects and artifacts created by a society
Non-material culture encompasses the ideas, attitudes, and beliefs of a society
The Iceberg Model represents the observable and hidden aspects of culture
The tip of the iceberg represents the visible aspects of culture, such as language, dress, and food
The larger, unseen portion of the iceberg includes the norms, values, beliefs, and thought patterns that deeply influence a society's behavior and interactions
Anthropologists use participant observation and in-depth interviews to gain an immersive understanding of cultural practices and perspectives
Cultural relativism is the practice of assessing a culture by its own standards rather than through the lens of another, promoting a more respectful understanding of cultural diversity
The distinction between high and low culture is becoming outdated as cultural forms once considered lowbrow gain recognition and respect within the art world
Subcultures have their own distinct values, norms, and practices, while still sharing the larger cultural framework
Countercultures reject and oppose significant elements of the dominant culture, advocating for alternative lifestyles and ideologies
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Culture is a complex structure consisting of ______, values, customs, and behaviors that society members utilize to navigate their world.
shared beliefs
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Iceberg Model Creator
Edward T. Hall, an anthropologist, conceptualized the Iceberg Model.
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Observable Culture - Iceberg Model
Language, dress, and food are examples of the visible aspects of culture.
