The U.S. federal judiciary, established by the Constitution, comprises the Supreme Court and lower federal courts. It interprets laws, assesses constitutionality, and resolves disputes. The Supreme Court's role has evolved, gaining discretionary jurisdiction over significant cases. Federal courts are restricted to actual cases and controversies, with jurisdiction over federal law matters, treaties, and interstate disputes. Judicial review and state sovereignty are key in federal-state relations, while treason is narrowly defined to protect civil liberties.
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1
The ______ Act of 1789 and Title 28 of the U.S. Code detail the organization of ______ courts.
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2
The Supreme Court has ______ jurisdiction in cases involving ______ or when a state is involved.
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3
Establishment of Circuit Court System Year
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4
Role of District vs. Circuit Courts
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5
Supreme Court's Jurisdiction Type
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6
The ______ does not consider hypothetical issues or those affected by standing, mootness, or ripeness problems.
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7
The ______ has original jurisdiction in certain cases, whereas federal courts handle a wide range of issues including ______ law.
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8
Federal courts have jurisdiction over cases related to federal laws, treaties, and disputes involving ______ or ______ nationals.
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9
Origin of judicial review in the U.S.
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10
Federal courts' jurisdiction limit regarding state laws.
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11
Role of 'Res judicata' in federal courts.
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Doctrine ensuring federal courts recognize and uphold state court judgments.
12
Article III, Section 3 of the ______ strictly specifies the criteria for ______ against the United States.
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Constitution treason
13
A conviction for treason requires an ______ act and the testimony of ______ witnesses.
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overt two
14
The precise definition of treason is designed to prevent the ______ of such charges for ______ ends.
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misuse political
15
The right to ______ is protected by ensuring that treason charges are not ______ misapplied.
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dissent arbitrarily
16
While ______ can create laws for related crimes like ______, penalties cannot harm the descendants or extend past the individual's ______.
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17
Legislation on treason cannot include punishments that result in ______ of blood or ______ of property after the death of the convicted.
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18
Article IV: Admission of New States
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19
Article IV: Interstate Relations
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20
Article V: Protecting Foundational Principles
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21
Article VII outlines the initial ______ process, needing approval from ______ out of the original thirteen states.
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22
The Constitution has been modified ______ times, with the initial ______ amendments known as the Bill of Rights.
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23
The Bill of Rights ensures ______ freedoms and rights, demonstrating the Constitution's ability to evolve with societal changes.
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24
The process to amend the Constitution showcases its ______ nature and the ability to maintain core values over time.
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Law
The United States Constitution and its Amendments
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Electoral College Reforms in the United States
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The Formation of the United States Constitution
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The Amendment Process of the United States Constitution
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