Geometrical Optics is a branch of physics that explains light propagation using rays, ideal for situations where light's wavelength is much smaller than optical elements. It covers reflection, refraction, and dispersion, and is fundamental in designing lenses and mirrors for devices like eyeglasses and cameras. Understanding these principles is crucial for advancements in technology and science.
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Light travels in straight lines called rays
Law of reflection
The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection
Reflection off a surface
Light bounces off a surface
Snell's Law
The angle of incidence and refraction are related to the refractive indices of the two media
Change in direction of light
Light changes direction as it passes from one medium to another
Light separates into its component colors due to varying degrees of refraction for different wavelengths
Wavefronts are surfaces where the light wave has the same phase of oscillation
Planar wavefronts
Planar wavefronts are flat surfaces
Spherical wavefronts
Spherical wavefronts are curved surfaces
Cylindrical wavefronts
Cylindrical wavefronts are curved surfaces with a cylindrical shape
Lenses and mirrors
Lenses and mirrors are essential components of many optical instruments
Ray diagrams
Ray diagrams can be used to predict the formation of images
Law of reflection and Snell's Law
The law of reflection and Snell's Law provide the foundation for understanding the behavior of light
Mirror and lens equations
Mirror and lens equations allow for the calculation of image properties
Geometrical Optics is used in fields such as astronomy, medicine, photography, and communication