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The Schmalkaldic War, a conflict fueled by religious discord and political power struggles, culminated in the decisive Battle of Mühlberg in 1547. Emperor Charles V's victory against the Lutheran Schmalkaldic League marked a turning point, influencing the Holy Roman Empire's religious policies and the future of the Protestant Reformation. Despite the Catholic triumph, the Protestant movement persisted, leading to the Peace of Augsburg and the principle of cuius regio, eius religio, which allowed rulers to choose their realm's religion.
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The Schmalkaldic War was a result of the religious divide between Protestants and Catholics and the political ambitions of Emperor Charles V
Territorial Disputes
The formation of the Schmalkaldic League was influenced by territorial disputes between the German princes
The Habsburg-Valois Wars indirectly impacted the Schmalkaldic War, as Emperor Charles V was initially distracted but later redirected his focus towards the Protestant principalities
The Battle of Mühlberg, which took place on April 24, 1547, was a decisive engagement in the Schmalkaldic War
Role of Spanish Tercios
The disciplined Spanish tercios played a pivotal role in the Catholic victory at the Battle of Mühlberg
Emperor Charles V's victory at Mühlberg solidified his authority over the German states and allowed him to enforce measures against the Protestant Reformation
Despite the Catholic victory at Mühlberg, the Protestant Reformation continued to gain ground and played a role in the Counter-Reformation and the Thirty Years' War
Following Charles V's abdication, the balance of power shifted, allowing Lutheran princes to regain influence
The Peace of Augsburg in 1555 and the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 established a foundation for religious tolerance and the continued diversification of Protestantism