SQL Server Security is pivotal in ensuring data integrity, confidentiality, and availability. It encompasses authentication methods like Windows and SQL Server Authentication, authorization frameworks, and encryption techniques such as TDE and Always Encrypted. Advanced security features like Row Level Security and dynamic data masking further enhance data safety, while adherence to best practices and integrated security with Windows Authentication streamline management and bolster security.
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Windows Authentication leverages the security mechanisms of the Windows operating system and the credentials of the logged-in user
SQL Server Authentication requires unique usernames and passwords managed within SQL Server
Mixed Mode allows for the concurrent use of both Windows Authentication and SQL Server Authentication
Principals, such as users, roles, and groups, are used to organize the authorization framework
Securables, including databases, tables, and views, are used to specify what can be accessed within the database environment
Permissions, such as SELECT, INSERT, and UPDATE, are granted, revoked, or denied to regulate user actions within the database
Encryption methods like Transparent Data Encryption, Column-level Encryption, and Always Encrypted are used to secure data at rest and during transmission
Auditing capabilities, such as SQL Server Audit and C2 Audit Tracing, are used to track and analyze database activities for compliance and threat detection
Regular updates, secure settings, and encryption of sensitive data are recommended best practices for maintaining a secure SQL Server environment
Row Level Security allows for precise control over access to data rows based on defined security predicates
Dynamic Data Masking conceals sensitive information from unauthorized users
Integration with Azure Active Directory provides advanced authentication options, such as Multi-Factor Authentication and Conditional Access policies
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Purpose of SQL Server Security
Safeguard data integrity, confidentiality, and availability.
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Role of Authentication in SQL Server
Confirms user identities to prevent unauthorized access.
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Role of Authorization in SQL Server
Determines user privileges, controlling data access and actions.
