Exploring the impact of parental praise on children's motivation, Gundersen et al. (2013) differentiate between person and process praise. The study links process praise to the development of growth mindsets, emphasizing the importance of effort-based encouragement. It also notes gender disparities in the type of praise given, suggesting potential long-term effects on children's motivational frameworks and resilience.
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Praise that focuses on innate traits like intelligence
Praise that recognizes effort and strategy
Boys receive more process praise than girls
53 children and their primary caregivers were observed in their homes at ages 14, 26, and 38 months
The study design facilitated unobtrusive observation to reduce potential for observer bias
Person praise diminished and process praise increased before plateauing as children aged
Children praised for their efforts and strategies are more likely to believe in the malleability of their abilities
Process praise cultivates a growth mindset, which is conducive to resilience and a proactive approach to learning
Parents may subconsciously tailor their encouragement based on gender, which could shape the child's motivational framework
The study's strengths lie in its diverse sample and use of naturalistic observation, lending credibility and wider relevance to the findings
The relatively small sample size and focus on a single cultural context may limit the universality of the conclusions
The covert nature of the study raises ethical concerns, as participants were not fully informed of its purpose
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The study by ______ et al. (2013) investigates how different types of praise impact children's ______ frameworks.
Gundersen
motivational
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Study population demographics - Gundersen et al. (2013)
53 children, balanced gender representation, primary caregivers included.
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Observation settings & child age intervals - Gundersen study
Home environment in Chicago, children observed at 14, 26, 38 months.
