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Atavism: A Concept in Positivist Criminology

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Exploring the role of atavism in criminology, introduced by Cesare Lombroso, who linked physical traits to criminal behavior. His theory marked a shift from moralistic views to biological determinism in crime studies. Despite criticism for methodological flaws and biases, Lombroso's work influenced the field's evolution, leading to more nuanced theories and the need for empirical research.

The Role of Atavism in Criminological Theory

Atavism, a concept in positivist criminology, was introduced by Italian criminologist Cesare Lombroso in the late 19th century. Lombroso's theory suggested that criminal behavior could be innate, identifiable through certain physical characteristics that he believed were inherited. These atavistic traits were thought to be reminiscent of earlier stages of human evolution, indicating a biological predisposition to criminality. Lombroso's theory was groundbreaking as it shifted the focus of criminological study from a purely moralistic perspective to one that considered biological determinism.
Collection of antique scientific instruments on dark table with brass caliper, magnifying glass, ink, quill pen, leather books and human skull.

Identifying Atavistic Stigmata and Criminal Behavior

Lombroso's identification of atavistic stigmata, or physical anomalies, was central to his theory. He associated features such as an overly strong jaw, high cheekbones, pronounced facial asymmetry, and sloping forehead with criminality. Lombroso further proposed that specific criminal behaviors could be linked to particular atavistic traits. However, his methodology was flawed due to the lack of a control group of non-criminals for comparison, which later researchers criticized. This lack of rigorous scientific method undermined the credibility of his claims.

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Originator of atavism theory in criminology

Cesare Lombroso, Italian criminologist, late 19th century.

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Lombroso's view on criminal behavior causation

Innate, identifiable by physical traits, suggesting biological predisposition.

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Impact of Lombroso's atavism theory on criminology

Shifted focus from moralistic perspective to biological determinism.

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