Understanding Python classes is crucial for object-oriented programming. This guide covers class creation, object instantiation, and the constructor method. It delves into inheritance, properties, access control, and the use of static and class methods. Decorators are also discussed for enhancing class functionality, ensuring code is modular and maintainable.
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Classes are templates for creating objects that encapsulate data and code in Python
Attributes
Attributes are variables that define the behavior of an object in a class
Methods
Methods are functions that operate on the data within an object in a class
Objects are created by calling a class as a function and can utilize the class's methods and attributes
Inheritance is the concept of a new class deriving from an existing class, inheriting its attributes and methods
Subclasses inherit from superclasses and can extend or override their attributes and methods
Python's object class is the ultimate superclass from which all other classes inherit, providing default methods and attributes
Properties are created using decorators and allow for controlled access to attributes
Setter and deleter methods can be used to enforce constraints on attribute access and maintain the integrity of an object's state
Static methods
Static methods do not require an instance of the class and are used for utility tasks
Class methods
Class methods take a 'cls' parameter and can modify class attributes, often used as factory methods
Decorators modify or enhance the functionality of classes without changing their original implementation
Custom decorators
Custom decorators can add new methods or attributes to a class
Built-in decorators
Built-in decorators like `@property`, `@staticmethod`, and `@classmethod` provide standardized ways to define properties and methods
Decorators promote modular and maintainable code, adhering to object-oriented principles
00
In Python, ______ serve as blueprints for creating objects that combine data and functionality.
classes
01
A 'Car' class might have attributes like '______' and methods such as '______' to define its characteristics and actions.
color
start_engine
02
Object instantiation in Python
Creating an instance of a class by calling the class with any required parameters.
