The three-stage processing model of memory, proposed by Atkinson and Shiffrin, explains how we encode, store, and retrieve information. It distinguishes between short-term and long-term memory, further dividing the latter into procedural and declarative types. Empirical studies support the model's validity, highlighting the complexity of our memory systems.
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Encoding is the process of transforming sensory input into a form that can be stored in the brain
Acoustic Encoding
Acoustic encoding involves processing auditory information
Visual Encoding
Visual encoding deals with pictorial input
Semantic Encoding
Semantic encoding involves interpreting meaning and context
Effective encoding is crucial for the subsequent retrieval of information from memory
Storage is the maintenance of information over time in the brain
Short-Term Memory (STM)
STM is a temporary holding space for information, typically retaining it for about 20 to 30 seconds without rehearsal
Long-Term Memory (LTM)
LTM is the repository for more enduring memories, which can last from minutes to a lifetime
STM and LTM have unique characteristics and functions, with STM retaining information for a short period and LTM storing memories for a longer duration
Retrieval is the act of accessing stored information in the brain when necessary
Short-Term Memory Retrieval
Short-term memories can be retrieved from temporary storage without conscious effort
Long-Term Memory Retrieval
Long-term memories require conscious effort and can be explicitly stated or described
Retrieval is necessary for accessing and utilizing information stored in memory
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Encoding in memory processing
Transformation of sensory input into a storable neural form.
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Function of storage in memory model
Maintenance of encoded information over time.
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Memory retrieval process
Accessing and using stored information from memory when needed.
