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Bitmap Graphics

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Bitmap graphics, or raster images, are composed of pixels, each with a specific color, resembling a mosaic. They are ideal for detailed, color-rich visuals such as digital photographs and complex illustrations. This text delves into color models like RGB and CMYK, bit depth, file formats like JPEG, PNG, GIF, and BMP, and their applications in digital media. While bitmap graphics offer high detail and color range, they face issues with scaling and file size.

Exploring Bitmap Graphics

Bitmap graphics, commonly referred to as raster graphics, consist of a grid of individual pixels, where each pixel is a tiny square that can be assigned a specific color. This method of image representation is akin to a mosaic, where numerous small pieces come together to form a complete picture. Bitmap images excel at depicting intricate, color-rich visuals, which is why they are the standard for digital photographs and complex illustrations. However, due to their fixed pixel count, resizing bitmap images can result in a loss of clarity and the emergence of a pixelated effect. Furthermore, bitmap files are typically larger than their vector counterparts because they contain detailed information for each pixel's color and intensity.
Colorful bitmap graphic of a parrot on a branch displayed on modern monitor, with graphics tablet and color wheel on the table.

Color Models and Bit Depth in Bitmap Graphics

Bitmap graphics utilize color models such as RGB (Red, Green, Blue) for digital screens and CMYK (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, and Key) for print media to define the color of each pixel. The RGB model combines varying intensities of red, green, and blue light to produce a spectrum of colors. For instance, an 8-bit per channel color depth allows for 256 levels of each primary color, culminating in approximately 16.7 million possible colors in a 24-bit image. Bit depth indicates the number of bits used to represent the color of each pixel, with higher bit depths enabling a broader range of colors and finer gradations, albeit at the expense of increased file size. A 1-bit image can display only two colors, often black and white, while a 24-bit image can display a full range of colors.

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00

Pixel Definition in Bitmap Graphics

A pixel is the smallest unit in a bitmap image, representing a single point of color.

01

Resizing Bitmap Images Consequences

Altering bitmap size can degrade image quality, causing blurriness or pixelation.

02

Bitmap vs. Vector File Size

Bitmaps often have larger file sizes than vectors due to detailed color information for each pixel.

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