Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) is the genetic material within chloroplasts, essential for photosynthesis in plants and some eukaryotes. It's a circular molecule, varying in size, with unique features like inverted repeats that ensure genome stability. cpDNA is organized into nucleoids, which differ in number and distribution across species. The discovery and sequencing of cpDNA have deepened our understanding of its role in plant biology.
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1
Function of cpDNA
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2
Chloroplast autonomy
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3
Start of chloroplast genome sequencing
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4
The DNA within chloroplasts typically forms a ______ molecule, with a size between ______ base pairs.
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5
Chloroplast DNA has a molecular weight ranging from ______ million daltons and a length of ______ micrometers.
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6
In certain plants, such as ______, over 95% of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) is found in ______ structures.
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7
In some ______, the chloroplast genome is divided into multiple ______, each containing a portion of the genes.
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8
Inverted repeats location in chloroplast genomes
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9
Size range of inverted repeats in plant genomes
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10
Consequence of inverted repeats absence
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11
The number of cpDNA copies in a chloroplast can range from about ______ in young leaves to ______ in older leaves.
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12
In red algae, a ______-like protein helps organize nucleoids and is encoded by the ______ genome.
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13
Chloroplast DNA, organized into ______, does not pair with true histones, unlike nuclear DNA.
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14
The spatial arrangement of nucleoids within chloroplasts varies, with red algae having a ______ distribution, while green plants and algae have a more ______ distribution.
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