Chloroplasts are key organelles in plants and algae, enabling photosynthesis by converting light to chemical energy. They have a double-membrane envelope and internal thylakoid membranes, where light-dependent reactions occur. These reactions create a proton gradient used for ATP synthesis, a process vital for plant energy.
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1
Chloroplast structure excluding grana
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2
Difference between chloroplasts and mitochondria
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3
Evolutionary origin of chloroplasts
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4
Substances larger or more specialized than ions and small molecules need ______ ______ in the inner layer for transport.
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5
The ______ ______, around 10 to 20 nanometers in width, acts as a selective barrier for substance exchange in the chloroplast.
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6
Thylakoid membrane composition
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7
Grana function in photosynthesis
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8
Role of electron transport chain in thylakoids
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9
In chloroplasts, the ______ membranes are crucial for the chemiosmotic method of synthesizing ATP.
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10
The enzyme ______ facilitates the transformation of ADP and inorganic phosphate into ATP as protons move back into the ______ via this enzyme.
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