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The U.S. Federal Court System is a complex hierarchy designed to handle legal disputes under federal law. It consists of District Courts, Circuit Courts, and the Supreme Court. District Courts are the trial courts with original jurisdiction, while Circuit Courts serve as appellate courts. The Supreme Court, at the apex, reviews cases from lower courts and has the power of Judicial Review, shaping the interpretation of laws.
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The Federal Court System handles disputes involving federal law, diverse state citizenship, and bankruptcy cases
U.S. District Courts
The U.S. District Courts serve as the general trial courts of the federal system, with at least one district court located in each state
U.S. Courts of Appeals
The U.S. Courts of Appeals are the intermediate appellate courts in the federal system, with 12 regional Circuit Courts and the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit
U.S. Supreme Court
The U.S. Supreme Court is the highest court in the federal judiciary and serves as the final arbiter of legal disputes involving federal law or constitutional issues
The Federal Court System, including the Supreme Court, has the power of Judicial Review to assess the constitutionality of legislative and executive actions
State Courts handle a wide range of legal issues such as criminal, family, and civil law matters that arise under state laws
Trial Courts
Trial Courts are where cases are initially heard and decided in the state court system
Appellate Courts
Appellate Courts review trial court decisions for legal correctness in the state court system
State Courts have the responsibility of interpreting and enforcing state laws
Federal judges, including Supreme Court justices, are nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate, serving lifetime appointments to promote judicial independence
The principle of maintaining good behavior is the basis for the lifetime tenure of federal judges, with the exception of certain judges who serve fixed terms