Pure mathematical functions

Functional programming emphasizes the use of pure mathematical functions to build software applications

Immutable data structures

Functional programming utilizes immutable data structures to enhance the reliability and maintainability of code

Diverges from imperative programming

Functional programming differs from imperative programming by focusing on what a program should accomplish rather than how it operates

Pure functions

Pure functions are deterministic and lack side effects, making them a cornerstone of functional programming

Immutability

Immutability stipulates that data structures cannot be changed once created in functional programming

First-class functions

Functions are treated as first-class citizens in functional programming, allowing them to be passed as arguments, returned as values, and assigned to variables

Haskell

Haskell is a renowned functional programming language known for its elegant recursive functions and strict adherence to functional programming principles

Erlang

Erlang is a functional programming language with robust support for higher-order functions, recursion, and a focus on concurrency and fault tolerance

JavaScript

JavaScript incorporates functional programming concepts such as first-class functions and higher-order functions for array manipulation

Java

Java 8 introduced lambda expressions and functional interfaces, allowing for a more functional approach within an object-oriented context

Python

Python supports functional constructs through functions like `map` and `filter` and lambda expressions, making it easier to apply functions to collections

Composing software from pure functions

Functional programming involves composing software from pure functions, avoiding mutable state and minimizing side effects

Emphasizing immutability and statelessness

Emphasizing immutability and statelessness helps prevent issues associated with changing state in functional programming

Function composition

Function composition allows for the construction of complex functions by combining simpler ones in functional programming

Haskell and Erlang

Haskell and Erlang exemplify the practical applications of functional programming, showcasing the power and adaptability of the paradigm in solving diverse programming challenges

Pure functional programming languages

Pure functional programming languages like Haskell, Clean, and Mercury strictly enforce functional programming principles, resulting in highly reliable and testable code

Adaptations in other languages

Other languages such as JavaScript, Java, and Python offer mechanisms to incorporate functional programming concepts into their paradigms, showcasing the flexibility and adaptability of functional programming