Explore the world of enzymes, specialized proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions with high specificity. Learn about enzyme-substrate interactions, catalytic mechanisms, and the dynamic nature of enzymes. Understand the role of cofactors and coenzymes in enzyme function, and delve into enzyme kinetics and inhibition, which are pivotal in regulation and pharmacology.
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1
Enzyme-substrate specificity analogy
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2
Enzyme reaction selectivity types
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3
High-fidelity enzymes in cellular processes
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4
The ______ model by Emil Fischer likens enzymes and substrates to interlocking shapes, but doesn't capture their dynamic interaction.
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5
The ______ model, unlike its predecessor, explains how enzymes dynamically change shape during the enzyme-substrate interaction.
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6
According to the ______ model, the enzyme's active site can change to ensure a tight fit and assist in forming the transition state.
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7
The formation of the transition state, crucial for catalysis, is better explained by the ______ model of enzyme action.
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8
Enzyme function: Transition state stabilization
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9
Enzyme function: Alternative pathway provision
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10
Enzyme function: Substrate positioning
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11
The enzyme ______ demonstrates dynamic behavior essential for nucleotide ______.
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dihydrofolate reductase synthesis
12
Substrate presentation in enzyme regulation
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Separation of enzymes from substrates to control activity; includes compartmentalization and timed release.
13
Allosteric modulation definition
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Binding of molecules at non-active sites; induces conformational changes that inhibit or activate enzymes.
14
Role of allosteric modulation in homeostasis
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Maintains metabolic balance by regulating enzyme activity through inhibitors or activators.
15
Cofactors can be ______ or organic compounds like ______ or ______.
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metal ions flavin heme
16
An enzyme lacking its cofactor is known as an ______, whereas the fully active form is called a ______.
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17
______, a subset of cofactors, are organic molecules that shuttle chemical groups between enzymes.
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18
______, ______, and vitamin-derived coenzymes like ______ and ______ are prominent examples of coenzymes.
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19
Within a cell, coenzymes are generally ______, facilitating their role in numerous ______ reactions.
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20
Enzyme-substrate complex role
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21
Enzyme kinetic parameters: Vmax
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22
Catalytic efficiency indicator: kcat/Km
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23
While ______ inhibitors compete for the enzyme's active site, ______ inhibitors attach elsewhere, altering Vmax but not Km.
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24
Irreversible inhibitors create ______ bonds with enzymes, causing lasting ______.
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Biology
The Essential Roles of Enzymes in Biological Systems
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The Evolution of Enzymatic Activities
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Understanding Enzyme Inhibitors and Their Role in Biological Systems
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Principles of Reversible Enzyme Inhibition
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