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Reconstructive Memory Theory

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Reconstructive memory is a cognitive psychology concept that posits memory as an active reconstruction of events, influenced by schemas. Frederic Bartlett's theory suggests that our recollections are shaped by perception, imagination, and knowledge, leading to potential inaccuracies. Empirical studies by researchers like Loftus and Palmer support this theory, which has practical applications in legal and therapeutic settings.

The Principles of Reconstructive Memory

Reconstructive memory is a fundamental concept in cognitive psychology that describes the process of remembering as an active reconstruction of past events. This theory, initially proposed by Frederic Bartlett in 1932, challenges the idea of memory as a static and accurate playback of experiences. Instead, it emphasizes that our memories are shaped and influenced by cognitive factors such as perception, imagination, and our existing knowledge, which is structured into schemas. A schema is a cognitive framework that assists in organizing and interpreting information, allowing us to make sense of our experiences. When we attempt to recall a memory, we reconstruct the event by integrating it with our schemas, which can result in the modification or addition of details, potentially leading to inaccuracies in our recollection.
Detailed model of left brain hemisphere on neutral background next to incomplete puzzle with landscape, soft lighting.

The Influence of Schemas on Memory

Schemas are crucial in the reconstructive memory process as they provide the mental structures that guide our understanding and interpretation of the world. These mental representations are built from past experiences and knowledge, and they influence the way we perceive new information. During memory recall, schemas contribute to filling in missing details through a process known as confabulation. This can lead to the assimilation of new experiences into existing schemas or the accommodation of memories to align with our schemas. Bartlett identified two key processes within accommodation: 'levelling', which simplifies complex details, and 'sharpening', which enhances or invents details to make the memory more consistent with our schemas. These processes illustrate the dynamic and reconstructive nature of memory, which is continuously reshaped each time we access it.

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00

In ______, Frederic Bartlett proposed that memories are influenced by factors like perception and existing knowledge.

1932

01

A ______ is a cognitive structure that helps us organize and interpret information, impacting how we remember events.

schema

02

Role of confabulation in memory recall

Confabulation fills in missing memory details, influenced by existing schemas.

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