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The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is tasked with maintaining international peace and security, comprising five permanent members with veto power and ten non-permanent members. It utilizes tools like sanctions, peacekeeping missions, and military action to address threats. The UNSC's structure, especially the veto power, faces criticism and calls for reform. The text also discusses the evolution of China's representation in the UNSC.
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The five permanent members of the UNSC have veto power and are responsible for maintaining international peace and security
The ten non-permanent members are elected for two-year terms and contribute to the decision-making process of the UNSC
The UNSC has a range of tools at its disposal, such as peacekeeping missions, international sanctions, and military action, to address threats to peace and encourage peaceful resolution of conflicts
Sanctions used by the UNSC include economic, arms, travel, and targeted restrictions to enforce international law and maintain peace
Sanctions are intended to coerce parties in conflict to engage in peaceful resolution or to deter non-state actors from threatening peace and security
Sanctions are most effective when part of a comprehensive strategy that includes diplomatic efforts and, if necessary, peacekeeping operations
The permanent membership and veto power of the UNSC have been criticized for not reflecting current geopolitical realities and impeding swift and decisive action
Proposals for reform have included expanding the Council and modifying or eliminating the veto power, but consensus on these changes has been difficult to reach
The representation of China in the UNSC has undergone significant changes, with the seat being transferred from the Republic of China to the People's Republic of China in 1971