Classical conditioning is a psychological theory developed by Ivan Pavlov, explaining how a natural response becomes associated with a new stimulus. It involves key concepts such as neutral, unconditioned, and conditioned stimuli and responses. Pavlov's experiments with dogs salivating at the sound of a bell and the development of phobias are classic examples. This theory is fundamental to understanding associative learning and behavior modification, and it contrasts with operant conditioning, which deals with voluntary behaviors and consequences.
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Classical conditioning is a learning process where a natural response becomes associated with a new stimulus
Russian Physiologist
Ivan Pavlov, a Russian physiologist, developed the theory of classical conditioning in the late 19th century
Experiments with Dogs
Pavlov's experiments with dogs demonstrated the core principles of classical conditioning
Psychologist
John B. Watson, a psychologist, advocated for behaviorism and further supported the theory of classical conditioning
Early 20th Century
Watson's advocacy for behaviorism occurred in the early 20th century
A neutral stimulus is an event or object that does not initially produce a specific response
An unconditioned stimulus is one that naturally and reflexively elicits a response without prior learning
The unconditioned response is the natural reaction to an unconditioned stimulus
A conditioned stimulus is a neutral stimulus that becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus
The conditioned response is a learned reaction triggered by a conditioned stimulus
Classical conditioning can explain the formation of phobias through the association of a neutral stimulus with a traumatic event
Classical conditioning is used in marketing strategies to create positive associations with products
Classical conditioning is characterized by its empirical foundation and the ability to test hypotheses in controlled experiments
Classical conditioning has faced criticism for potentially oversimplifying complex behaviors
Twin studies have shown that behavior is influenced by both environmental and genetic factors
Operant conditioning differs from classical conditioning in that it focuses on voluntary actions and their consequences
00
______ conditioning is a key psychological concept where a natural reaction is linked to a new trigger.
Classical
01
The idea that behaviors can be acquired by forming connections was further promoted by psychologist ______ in the early ______ century.
John B. Watson
20th
02
Neutral Stimulus (NS)
An event/object that does not trigger a specific response initially.
