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Strategies for Climate Change Mitigation

Climate change mitigation strategies aim to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and enhance carbon removal. Key approaches include advancing renewable energy, promoting energy efficiency, sustainable agricultural and industrial practices, carbon sequestration, and the role of international climate agreements like the Paris Agreement in coordinating global efforts.

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1

Net-zero 2050 vs. 2070 impact

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Net-zero by 2050 limits warming to 1.5 °C; by 2070 allows up to 2 °C.

2

Transformative changes for emission targets

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Energy, land, cities, transport, buildings, industry must transform to meet emission goals.

3

UNEP's stance on Paris Agreement commitments

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Current commitments are inadequate, risking a 2.7 °C rise; substantial enhancement needed.

4

Transitioning to ______ energy is crucial for reducing climate change impacts.

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renewable

5

To achieve ______ neutrality, renewable energy must be prioritized in electricity, heating, and ______.

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carbon transportation

6

The adoption of ______ vehicles and improved public transit are essential for cutting emissions in transportation.

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electric

7

Energy conservation impact on energy demand

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Reduces overall energy demand, easing transition to renewables and limiting new carbon-heavy infrastructure.

8

Sector-specific energy demand reduction

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Transportation: shift to efficient travel. Industry: improve process/product efficiency. Building: design for efficiency, retrofit.

9

Role of energy-efficient building design

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Focuses on reducing consumption through efficient new designs and retrofitting existing structures.

10

The ______ and ______ sectors must reduce emissions and halt deforestation while meeting the growing need for ______.

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agriculture forestry food

11

To lower emissions, a shift towards ______-based foods is recommended, alongside improved ______ productivity and forest ______ efforts.

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plant land conservation

12

Reducing emissions from ______ and ______ production is part of the strategy to make agriculture more sustainable.

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livestock crop

13

In the ______ and ______ industries, known for high CO2 emissions, it's crucial to adopt ______ production methods and materials.

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steel cement innovative

14

Natural carbon sinks: examples and function

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Reforestation, afforestation, soil carbon sequestration; capture CO2, reduce atmospheric levels.

15

CCS technology in climate mitigation

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Captures CO2 from power/industry; prevents atmospheric release.

16

BECCS role in achieving net negative emissions

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Bioenergy with CCS; removes more CO2 than emitted, potential climate benefit.

17

The ______ serves as the basis for global climate initiatives to stabilize greenhouse gas levels.

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United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)

18

The Paris Agreement's goal is to maintain the rise in global temperatures well below ______, with efforts to limit the increase to ______.

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2.0 °C 1.5 °C

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Strategies for Climate Change Mitigation

Climate change mitigation encompasses a range of strategies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and enhance the natural processes that remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. To limit the increase in global average temperatures to below 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels, it is imperative to reach net-zero emissions by 2050. A less stringent target of 2 °C allows for net-zero emissions by 2070. Achieving these targets necessitates transformative changes in energy production, land use, urban infrastructure, transportation, building construction, and industrial operations. The United Nations Environment Programme warns that the current commitments under the Paris Agreement are insufficient and need substantial enhancement to avoid a projected temperature rise of around 2.7 °C by the century's end. The economic rationale for limiting warming to 2 °C is compelling, as the costs of action are likely to be far outweighed by the avoided costs of climate impacts over the long term.
Landscape with wind farm, white turbines moving on green field with wild flowers, blue sky and solar panels.

Advancing Renewable Energy Sources

The shift to renewable energy is a cornerstone of climate change mitigation. While fossil fuels have historically been the primary energy source, there has been a marked increase in the adoption of renewable sources like wind and solar power. The transition to renewables is expected to continue, with these sources becoming predominant in new electricity generation. To reach carbon neutrality, renewables must be the mainstay for electricity, heating, and transportation. The electrification of transport, including the use of electric vehicles and the expansion of public transit and active transportation, is vital for emission reductions in this sector. Challenges to the expansion of renewable energy include environmental impacts, land use disputes, and the variability of wind and solar energy. Solutions such as energy storage, demand response programs, and enhanced electrical grids are necessary to ensure a reliable and sustainable energy supply.

Promoting Energy Efficiency and Conservation

Energy conservation is a key element in the fight against climate change, as it reduces the overall demand for energy and eases the transition to renewable sources. This strategy also limits the need for new carbon-intensive infrastructure. Energy demand reduction requires tailored approaches across different sectors. In transportation, a shift to more efficient travel methods is needed. Industrial sectors can enhance process and product efficiency, while the building sector can focus on energy-efficient design and retrofitting existing structures to reduce energy consumption.

Sustainable Agricultural and Industrial Practices

The agriculture and forestry sectors face the dual challenge of lowering emissions and preventing deforestation while satisfying the increasing demand for food. Strategies include enhancing land productivity, conserving and restoring forest ecosystems, and reducing emissions from livestock and crop production. A dietary shift towards plant-based foods can also significantly lower emissions from agriculture. In industries such as steel and cement manufacturing, which are major sources of CO2 emissions, the adoption of innovative production techniques and alternative materials is necessary to decrease their carbon footprint.

Carbon Sequestration and Emerging Removal Technologies

Strengthening natural carbon sinks and advancing carbon dioxide removal (CDR) technologies are critical components of climate change mitigation. Techniques like reforestation, afforestation, and soil carbon sequestration in agriculture are established methods for capturing carbon, though they carry risks such as potential carbon re-release. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology can intercept CO2 emissions from power generation and industrial processes, preventing their release into the atmosphere. When integrated with bioenergy production (BECCS), CCS can achieve net negative emissions. However, the effectiveness and scalability of CDR technologies in meeting the 1.5 °C target remain uncertain, and overreliance on these technologies is risky.

The Impact of International Climate Agreements

International climate agreements are instrumental in orchestrating collective action to mitigate climate change. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) provides the foundation for international climate protocols aimed at stabilizing greenhouse gas concentrations. The Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement are significant agreements under the UNFCCC framework, with the latter aiming to keep global warming well below 2.0 °C and pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 °C. Countries are expected to set ambitious climate goals and enhance their commitments over time. National measures, such as declaring climate emergencies and establishing carbon neutrality targets, are also vital in promoting the adoption of mitigation strategies on a global scale.