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Climate change mitigation strategies aim to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and enhance carbon removal. Key approaches include advancing renewable energy, promoting energy efficiency, sustainable agricultural and industrial practices, carbon sequestration, and the role of international climate agreements like the Paris Agreement in coordinating global efforts.
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The transition to renewable energy is necessary to reach carbon neutrality
Environmental impacts
The expansion of renewable energy sources must consider potential environmental impacts
Land use disputes
Disputes over land use can hinder the expansion of renewable energy sources
Variability of wind and solar energy
The variability of wind and solar energy requires solutions such as energy storage and enhanced electrical grids
The use of electric vehicles and expansion of public transit and active transportation is vital for reducing emissions in the transportation sector
Energy conservation reduces the overall demand for energy and eases the transition to renewable sources
Transportation
A shift to more efficient travel methods is needed to reduce energy demand in the transportation sector
Industrial sectors
Enhancing process and product efficiency can reduce energy demand in industrial sectors
Building sector
Energy-efficient design and retrofitting of existing structures can reduce energy consumption in the building sector
Strategies such as enhancing land productivity and conserving and restoring forest ecosystems can help lower emissions and prevent deforestation
Dietary shifts towards plant-based foods and innovative production techniques can help reduce emissions from agriculture
The adoption of alternative materials and innovative production techniques is necessary to decrease the carbon footprint of industries such as steel and cement manufacturing
Techniques such as reforestation and soil carbon sequestration can help strengthen natural carbon sinks
Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology can intercept CO2 emissions and prevent their release into the atmosphere
The effectiveness and scalability of CDR technologies in meeting climate targets remain uncertain, and overreliance on them is risky
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Net-zero 2050 vs. 2070 impact
Net-zero by 2050 limits warming to 1.5 °C; by 2070 allows up to 2 °C.
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Transformative changes for emission targets
Energy, land, cities, transport, buildings, industry must transform to meet emission goals.
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UNEP's stance on Paris Agreement commitments
Current commitments are inadequate, risking a 2.7 °C rise; substantial enhancement needed.
