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The mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint is a key regulator during metaphase of mitosis, ensuring chromosomes are correctly attached before anaphase. This mechanism, along with proteins like cohesin, securin, and the APC/C complex, is crucial for genomic integrity and cancer prevention. Hereditary mutations in genes like BRCA1 and BRCA2 increase cancer risk by affecting cell cycle control.
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The mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint ensures proper attachment and tension of chromosomes before the cell can proceed to anaphase
Targeted Degradation of Cyclin B and Securin
The APC/C targets cyclin B and securin for degradation, leading to the inactivation of CDK1 and the release of separase to cleave cohesin complexes
Cohesin complexes and the APC/C play crucial roles in maintaining cohesion and regulating the separation of sister chromatids during mitosis
Cell cycle checkpoints, including the mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint, help prevent unregulated cell growth and maintain genomic integrity
ATM Gene Mutations
Mutations in the ATM gene can lead to lymphomas due to impaired DNA damage response and increased genomic instability
Chk1 Gene Defects
Defects in the Chk1 gene can cause a failure in cell cycle regulation, accumulation of DNA damage, and an elevated risk of cancer
Mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, involved in DNA repair and cell cycle regulation, can increase the risk of breast and ovarian cancers
Mutations in these genes can compromise genomic stability and lead to cancer, highlighting their importance in cell cycle control and maintenance
The regulation of the cell cycle is crucial for the correct division and functionality of cells
Proteins such as cohesins, securin, separase, and the APC/C complex work together to ensure accurate chromosome segregation and prevent disruptions that can lead to cancer
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Consequence of premature sister chromatid separation
Leads to incorrect chromosome segregation, potential aneuploidy, and genomic instability.
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Role of APC/C in cell cycle progression
Targets cyclin B and securin for degradation, allowing mitosis to proceed from metaphase to anaphase.
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Function of separase in anaphase
Cleaves cohesin complexes post-securin degradation, enabling sister chromatids to separate for chromosome segregation.
