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Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

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Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is a psychological framework that categorizes human needs into five levels: physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, and self-actualization. It posits that basic needs must be met before higher-level growth needs, such as self-actualization, can be pursued. This theory has been influential in understanding human behavior and motivation, despite critiques of its empirical support and cultural bias.

Exploring Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is a psychological theory developed by Abraham Maslow in his 1943 paper "A Theory of Human Motivation." The theory is traditionally depicted as a pyramid with five levels, representing different categories of needs: physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, and self-actualization. The first four levels are often referred to as deficiency needs (D-needs), which arise due to deprivation and must be met for an individual to avoid unpleasant feelings or consequences. The top level, self-actualization, is known as a growth need (B-need), which is the desire to reach one's full potential and is unique to each individual. Maslow's theory suggests that higher needs in the hierarchy begin to emerge when a person has sufficiently satisfied the lower, basic needs.
Five-layer pyramid with colors from red at the bottom to blue at the top and people performing related actions at each level.

The Structure of Maslow's Needs Pyramid

At the base of Maslow's pyramid lie the physiological needs, which are the requirements for human survival, such as food, water, warmth, rest, and shelter. When these are fulfilled, the next level up is safety needs, encompassing personal security, employment, resources, property, health, and a safe environment. The third tier consists of love and belonging needs, which include friendship, intimacy, family, and a sense of connection. The fourth level is esteem needs, which are the needs for appreciation and respect from others, including self-esteem, status, recognition, and strength. The apex of the pyramid is self-actualization, a state in which people are in pursuit of growth, fulfillment of their potential, and self-discovery.

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Maslow's Hierarchy - D-needs vs B-need

D-needs: Deficiency needs including physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem. B-need: Growth need, self-actualization.

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Physiological Needs - Examples

Basic life requirements: food, water, warmth, rest.

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Self-Actualization - Characteristics

Realizing personal potential, self-fulfillment, seeking personal growth and peak experiences.

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