The Protestant Reformation of the 16th century challenged the Roman Catholic Church's authority, spurred by Martin Luther's critique of ecclesiastical corruption and the sale of indulgences. Scandals within the papacy and the Church's political entanglements further eroded its spiritual legitimacy, leading to the Counter-Reformation and the eventual acceptance of religious diversity in Europe.
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1
Martin Luther's pivotal document
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2
Ecclesiastical corruption's role in Reformation
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3
Consequences of Reformation for Church authority
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4
During the , particularly between the late 15th and early 16th centuries, certain popes, such as ______ (), were notorious for corrupt practices like simony and nepotism.
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5
The actions of popes like ______ and ______, who had children despite the expectation of celibacy, played a role in prompting calls for ______ within the Church.
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6
Original purpose of indulgences
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7
16th-century indulgence practice
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8
Role of pardoners in indulgence sales
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9
The ______ Schism, occurring from ______ to ______, revealed the Church's vulnerability by presenting several contenders for the papal leadership.
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10
Council of Trent Purpose
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11
Peace of Augsburg Significance
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12
Thirty Years' War Impact
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13
During the ______ century, Europe's religious makeup underwent significant changes due to the Catholic Church's moral and financial issues.
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14
The spread of ______ was not stopped by the Counter-Reformation's attempts to reunify the Catholic Church.
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