The German Reformation, led by Martin Luther, was a pivotal religious movement that reshaped Christianity in the 16th century. It began with Luther's 95 Theses against the sale of indulgences and led to the establishment of Protestantism. Key moments included debates, excommunication, and the Diet of Worms. Lutheranism's core tenets, such as 'Sola scriptura' and 'Sola fide', and the socio-political impact, including the Peasants' War and the Peace of Augsburg, are explored.
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Luther challenged the practices of the Catholic Church, particularly the sale of indulgences
Location and date
Luther posted the 95 Theses on the door of All Saints' Church in Wittenberg on October 31, 1517
Purpose
The posting of the 95 Theses was intended to spark scholarly debate rather than establish a new church
The 95 Theses ignited a series of events that led to the establishment of Protestant churches and significant changes in Christian doctrine and practice
Luther engaged in public debates and was subsequently excommunicated by Pope Leo X in 1521
Luther's refusal to recant his teachings at the Diet of Worms in 1521 led to the Edict of Worms, which declared him an outlaw
The printing press played a crucial role in the dissemination of Reformation literature and ideas
The Lutheran Church believed that the Bible is the ultimate authority in matters of faith and practice
Lutherans believed that salvation is received through faith in Jesus Christ, not by works
Luther rejected the traditional hierarchical priesthood and advocated for the idea that all Christians have direct access to God
Many secular leaders embraced Lutheranism to assert their independence from the Catholic Church and consolidate their power
The Reformation resonated with commoners who were disillusioned with ecclesiastical corruption and church taxes
The Reformation contributed to the development of a German national identity and inspired the German Peasants' War in 1524-1525
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Martin Luther's posting of the 95 Theses occurred on ______ at the All Saints' Church in ______.
October 31, 1517
Wittenberg
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Significance of 95 Theses
Initiated Reformation; challenged Church practices; posted by Luther in 1517.
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Outcome of Diet of Worms
Luther refused to recant; declared outlaw by Edict of Worms in 1521.
