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The Spanish Empire emerged in the late fifteenth century, uniting Castile and Aragon and leading to the Reconquista's completion. With the Americas' discovery by Columbus and conquests by Cortés and Pizarro, Spain became a dominant colonial power. The empire's apex was under Charles V, with vast European and overseas territories. Despite economic growth from American silver, the empire faced decline due to overextension and revolts, leaving a lasting global impact.
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The marriage of Ferdinand II and Isabella I united the Christian kingdoms of Spain, setting the stage for the completion of the Reconquista
Portuguese advances in maritime exploration
Spain's initial overseas endeavors were overshadowed by the Portuguese in maritime exploration
Christopher Columbus' voyage and encounter with the Americas
The funding of Christopher Columbus' voyage by Ferdinand and Isabella resulted in the momentous encounter with the Americas, leading to rapid expansion of Spanish territories
Charles V's reign marked the height of Spanish power, with his empire including Spain, the Holy Roman Empire, the Netherlands, parts of Italy, and vast overseas possessions
Spanish rulers faced challenges in governing their vast empire, including internal conflicts and issues with absentee governance and heavy taxation
Wealth from the Americas and its impact on the Spanish economy
The wealth generated from the Americas, particularly the silver mines of Potosí, played a pivotal role in the Spanish economy and funded the empire's expansion and cultural flourishing
Economic decline and loss of territories
The influx of wealth from the Americas also led to inflation and economic imbalances, contributing to Spain's gradual economic decline and loss of key territories
The Spanish Empire's legacy includes its profound cultural, linguistic, and religious influences that are still evident in the modern world
At its height, the Spanish Empire extended across Europe, the Americas, parts of Africa, and Asia, but its dissolution was complete by the nineteenth century