Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) is a neurological condition affecting how the brain processes sensory input, leading to hypersensitivity or hyposensitivity. Symptoms vary and can disrupt daily life, often overlapping with other disorders like ASD and ADHD. Diagnosis involves evaluations by healthcare professionals, and treatment is tailored to individual needs.
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SPD is a complex neurological condition that affects how the brain receives and responds to sensory information
Hypersensitivity
Individuals with SPD may experience hypersensitivity to environmental stimuli such as light, sound, and touch
Hyposensitivity
Individuals with SPD may also experience hyposensitivity, where there is an underreaction to sensory input
SPD is often identified in children and is frequently seen in conjunction with other developmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorders (ASD)
Individuals with SPD may exhibit overreactive or underreactive responses to sensory stimuli
SPD can lead to difficulties with motor skills, social interactions, and self-regulation
Children with SPD may exhibit avoidance of certain textures or activities, while adolescents and adults may experience coordination problems, impulsivity, and difficulty maintaining attention
SPD is diagnosed through a thorough evaluation by healthcare professionals, often including occupational therapists
Standardized tests and clinical observations
Healthcare professionals use standardized tests and clinical observations to distinguish SPD from other conditions such as ADHD, ASD, and anxiety disorders
Detailed developmental history
A detailed developmental history is also taken to identify the individual's sensory processing patterns and tailor a treatment plan
SPD is generally classified into three main patterns: sensory modulation disorder, sensory-based motor disorder, and sensory discrimination disorder
While SPD and ASD share certain characteristics, they are distinct entities, with SPD focusing on sensory processing and ASD encompassing broader developmental challenges
Children with sensory-seeking SPD may display hyperactive and inattentive behaviors similar to those associated with ADHD
Accurate diagnosis is critical to ensure that individuals receive targeted interventions that address their specific challenges
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SPD Sensitivity Types
Hypersensitivity: overreaction to stimuli. Hyposensitivity: underreaction to stimuli.
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SPD Age of Identification
Often identified in children but can occur at any age.
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SPD and Comorbidity
Commonly co-occurs with developmental disorders, e.g., ASD.
