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Basics of Geothermal Energy

Geothermal energy, derived from Earth's internal heat, has evolved from ancient bathing to modern electricity generation. It offers a stable power supply and has seen significant technological and economic advancements, making it competitive with other renewables. Global capacity reached 13.9 GW for power and 28 GW for heating by 2019, also providing around 100,000 jobs. Public support continues to grow, recognizing geothermal's sustainability.

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1

Since ancient times, humans have used geothermal energy for activities like hot spring bathing, evolving to ______ generation today.

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electricity

2

Geothermal power plants, developed in the ______ century, are advantageous because they offer a ______ power supply.

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20th stable

3

Ancient geothermal uses

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Bathing, heating by natural heat from Earth.

4

Modern geothermal applications

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Agricultural drying, greenhouse heating, water desalination.

5

Geothermal energy evolution

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From bathing to power generation, reflecting advanced resource harnessing.

6

The cost of producing power from ______ energy has decreased notably since the latter part of the ______ century.

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geothermal 20th

7

Innovations in technology have led to more ______ and lower costs in ______ power production.

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efficiency geothermal

8

As per the US Department of Energy's 2021 report, geothermal plants have a levelized electricity cost of about $______ per ______-hour.

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0.05 kilowatt

9

The economic and environmental advantages of geothermal energy make it a promising option for the shift towards ______ energy systems.

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sustainable

10

Geothermal power capacity in 2019

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Approx. 13,900 MW for power generation.

11

Geothermal direct heating capacity in 2019

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28 GW for direct heating applications.

12

Geothermal industry's role in job creation

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Responsible for approx. 100,000 jobs in 2019.

13

Customers can opt for renewable energy at a higher cost through initiatives like ______, reflecting a move towards ______ energy solutions.

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EWEB's Green Power Program sustainable

14

The positive view of ______ energy is crucial for its growth and inclusion in the overall ______.

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geothermal energy mix

15

To increase public backing and approval, it's important to educate and communicate clearly about the ______ and ______ of geothermal energy.

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benefits challenges

16

Geothermal energy source

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Earth's natural heat used for power

17

Geothermal sustainability

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Renewable, reduces reliance on fossil fuels

18

Geothermal and environment

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Low emissions, eco-friendly energy option

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Exploring the Basics of Geothermal Energy

Geothermal energy is a renewable energy source derived from the Earth's internal heat. This heat originates from the planet's formation and the ongoing radioactive decay of minerals in the Earth's crust. Geothermal energy has been utilized for millennia, with applications ranging from hot spring bathing in ancient times to modern electricity generation. The advent of geothermal power plants in the 20th century marked a significant step in harnessing this energy for consistent electricity production. These plants are particularly beneficial as they provide a stable power supply, contrasting with the variable nature of wind and solar power. Geothermal resources, especially in geologically active areas near tectonic plate boundaries, have the potential to provide a substantial portion of the world's energy needs.
Geothermal power plant with silver turbines, red and orange pipes, drilling rigs and hilly landscape under a clear blue sky.

Historical and Contemporary Utilization of Geothermal Resources

The exploitation of geothermal resources can be traced back to ancient civilizations, which used the Earth's natural heat for bathing and heating. Over time, technological advancements have expanded the scope of geothermal applications to include district heating, space heating, spa use, and various industrial processes. Modern geothermal energy use also encompasses agricultural drying, greenhouse heating, and water desalination. The progression from simple bathing to complex power generation reflects humanity's evolving ability to harness and apply geothermal resources to meet diverse needs.

Technological Progress and Economic Aspects of Geothermal Energy

The economics of geothermal energy have improved over the years, with significant cost reductions in power generation witnessed in the late 20th century. Technological innovations continue to enhance efficiency and reduce the costs associated with geothermal power, making it an increasingly competitive energy source. According to the US Department of Energy's 2021 data, the levelized cost of electricity from new geothermal plants is around $0.05 per kilowatt-hour, making it comparable to other renewable energy sources. The economic benefits, coupled with the low environmental impact of geothermal energy, contribute to its potential as a key player in the transition to sustainable energy systems.

Worldwide Geothermal Energy Production and Employment

The global geothermal power generation capacity reached approximately 13,900 megawatts (MW) by 2019, with an additional 28 gigawatts (GW) used for direct heating applications. The geothermal sector not only provides a significant contribution to the world's renewable energy output but also supports a substantial workforce. In 2019, the industry was responsible for around 100,000 jobs, highlighting the role of geothermal energy in both the energy market and the global economy. As the sector continues to grow, it is expected to create more employment opportunities and contribute to economic development.

Public Attitudes and Support for Geothermal Energy

Public support for renewable energy, including geothermal, has been growing, as evidenced by initiatives like EWEB's Green Power Program, which allows customers to choose renewable energy for a premium. This trend indicates an increasing environmental awareness and a shift towards sustainable energy solutions. The favorable perception of geothermal energy by the public is vital for its expansion and integration into the energy mix. Educational efforts and transparent communication about the benefits and challenges of geothermal energy can further enhance public support and acceptance.

The Origin of the Word "Geothermal"

The term "geothermal" comes from the Greek words "gê" (Earth) and "thermós" (hot), reflecting the concept of Earth's natural heat as an energy source. This etymology emphasizes the intrinsic relationship between geothermal energy and the Earth's geological processes. An understanding of the term's origin can foster a greater appreciation for the renewable, sustainable nature of geothermal energy and its role in the planet's energy balance. As students learn about geothermal energy, recognizing the significance of its name can deepen their understanding of its importance as an environmentally friendly energy option.