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The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami was a devastating natural disaster that struck off the coast of Sumatra, Indonesia, on December 26, 2004. With a moment magnitude of 9.1–9.3, it caused massive destruction and around 227,898 deaths across 14 countries. The quake resulted from the subduction of the Indo-Australian Plate beneath the Burma Plate, leading to tsunamis with waves up to 30 meters high. This event prompted a significant international humanitarian response and highlighted the destructive power of tectonic processes.
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The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake had a magnitude of 9.1-9.3 and caused significant damage and loss of life across multiple countries
Fault Rupture
The earthquake's fault rupture extended for 1,200-1,300 km and lasted for an extraordinary duration of ten minutes
Hypocenter
The earthquake's hypocenter was located 160 km off the coast of Sumatra at a depth of 30 km
Tectonic Shifts and Aftershock Sequence
The earthquake caused a massive shift in tectonic plates, elevating the seafloor and leading to numerous aftershocks
The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake is one of the most significant seismic events in recorded history, surpassed in magnitude only by two other earthquakes
The resulting tsunamis caused unprecedented destruction and prompted a global humanitarian response
The tsunamis were formed by the displacement of water due to the earthquake and caused widespread devastation and loss of life
The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami resulted in a slight but permanent increase in global sea levels
Indonesia's Aceh province was the hardest hit by the earthquake and tsunami, with the highest number of casualties
The earthquake and tsunami also impacted countries such as Bangladesh, India, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, Sri Lanka, and the Maldives, causing significant damage and loss of life