Activation and Function

The SAM pathway is activated by the hypothalamus in response to stress, leading to the release of adrenaline and noradrenaline to prepare the body for a rapid response

Chronological Progression

Fight or Flight Response

The fight or flight response, triggered by the SAM pathway, prepares the body to either confront or evade a threat

Parasympathetic Response

The parasympathetic nervous system counterbalances the heightened state caused by the SAM pathway, promoting a return to normalcy

Health Consequences

An overactive SAM pathway, often resulting from chronic stress, can lead to adverse health effects such as muscle tension, respiratory difficulties, and an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases

Fight or Flight vs. Tend-and-Befriend Response

Men are more likely to exhibit the fight or flight response, while women tend to display the tend-and-befriend response, influenced by evolutionary pressures and higher oxytocin levels

Modulation by Age and Prior Stress Exposure

The stress response may diminish with age, and repeated exposure to stress can lead to a sensitized response in future situations, indicating the impact of both developmental and experiential factors

Perception and Coping Mechanisms

An individual's perception of stress and their coping mechanisms significantly influence their stress response, which is distinct from other animals due to our unique physiological and psychological makeup

Importance of Understanding the Stress Response System

Research highlights the significance of understanding the individualized and nuanced nature of the stress response system, emphasizing the need for a personalized approach to stress management