The Third Crusade (1189-1192) was a pivotal moment in medieval history, featuring leaders like Richard the Lionheart and Saladin. It included the Siege of Acre, the Battle of Arsuf, and the Treaty of Jaffa, which allowed Christian pilgrimages to Jerusalem while keeping the city under Muslim control. The crusade's end marked a period of coexistence and set the stage for future conflicts in the Holy Land.
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Saladin's military campaigns and establishment of the Ayyubid dynasty led to the fall of Jerusalem in 1187
Richard the Lionheart and Philip II's Departure for the Holy Land
Richard the Lionheart and Philip II's participation in the Third Crusade was preceded by tensions between the two kings in Sicily
The Death of Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa and the Fragmentation of the German Forces
The death of Frederick Barbarossa during the Third Crusade led to the fragmentation of the German forces and the continuation of the campaign under Duke Leopold V of Austria
The Siege of Acre, initiated by Guy of Lusignan, was a critical confrontation of the Third Crusade that highlighted the internal divisions among the Crusader leaders
The arrival of Richard the Lionheart and Philip II revitalized the Crusader effort and led to the capture of Acre, but also highlighted the dispute over city control among the Crusader leaders
Richard I's negotiations with Saladin and the execution of Muslim prisoners at Ayyadieh in August 1191 have been subject to historical scrutiny
The Crusaders achieved further military successes, including the Battle of Arsuf and the defense of Jaffa, but ultimately reached a truce with the Treaty of Jaffa in 1192
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In the late 12th century, the ______ of Jerusalem fell to ______ after the decisive Battle of ______ in 1187.
Kingdom
Saladin's forces
Hattin
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Following the capture of Jerusalem, ______ VIII issued the papal bull ______, calling for a new Crusade to retake the ______.
Pope Gregory
Audita tremendi
Holy City
02
Duration and Notable Events of the Third Crusade
Lasted from 1189 to 1192; marked by Frederick Barbarossa's death and royal tensions in Sicily.
