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Virtual memory is a key component in computer architecture, allowing systems to simulate larger memory spaces and manage multiple applications. It extends physical memory, supports multitasking, and enhances performance through efficient memory allocation. Challenges like performance overhead and thrashing are addressed through optimization strategies such as caching and sophisticated algorithms.
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Virtual memory extends the capacity of physical memory by simulating a larger memory space
Memory Management Unit (MMU)
The MMU orchestrates the process of paging, which involves dividing memory into fixed-size blocks and storing some on secondary storage
Paging
Paging allows for the execution of large applications, supports multitasking, and simplifies memory management for both the system and application developers
Virtual memory improves system performance by allowing programs to use more memory than physically installed, manages memory through abstraction of memory addresses, and supports efficient program execution
Virtual memory is divided into pages that are dynamically mapped to physical memory or secondary storage based on usage
The MMU translates virtual addresses into corresponding physical addresses in RAM, triggering a page fault if the data is not currently in RAM
Virtual memory allows for more efficient utilization of physical memory, but can introduce performance overhead and latency, and requires specialized hardware support
Sophisticated algorithms and data structures are used to minimize performance overhead associated with address translation
Caching
Caching reduces latency by keeping frequently accessed data readily available in RAM
Prefetching
Prefetching anticipates data needs and reduces latency by keeping data in RAM
Effective page replacement strategies are crucial to avoid thrashing and ensure efficient use of memory
Addressing the complexities of hardware support is vital for the successful operation of a virtual memory system
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Virtual memory purpose
Extends physical memory, simulates larger space, supports large apps, multitasking, simplifies management.
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Paging in virtual memory
Divides memory into fixed-size blocks, swaps between RAM and secondary storage, managed by MMU.
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Secondary storage role in virtual memory
Holds pages not in immediate use, provides backup storage for virtual memory, enables larger virtual space.
