The Robbers Cave Experiment, conducted by Muzafer Sherif in 1954, explored intergroup conflict and cooperation among 22 boys. It revealed how competition can foster hostility, while cooperation can lead to reconciliation. The study's stages, from in-group formation to conflict and resolution through interdependence, offer insights into social identity and prejudice reduction, influencing practices like the Jigsaw Classroom technique.
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The Robbers Cave Experiment, conducted in 1954, aimed to investigate the underpinnings of intergroup conflict and cooperation
The experiment involved 22 boys, carefully selected for homogeneity in terms of socio-economic background, religion, and educational attainment
The experiment was designed to unfold in three stages, each testing a specific hypothesis about group dynamics
The first stage of the experiment focused on in-group formation, using shared experiences to bond the group members
The boys formed strong group identities, naming themselves and establishing unique cultures and hierarchies
This stage demonstrated the natural tendency of groups to form distinct social identities
The second stage of the experiment introduced the groups to each other, setting the stage for competition
The competitive environment led to increased in-group solidarity and out-group antagonism, with the boys exhibiting overt hostility towards their rivals
This hostility manifested in various forms, from name-calling to physical altercations, illustrating the ease with which conflict can arise from competition
Initial attempts at mere co-presence were ineffective in reducing intergroup conflict
Shared superordinate goals that required collaboration led to a significant reduction in hostility, highlighting the effectiveness of interdependence in overcoming prejudice
The principles derived from this study have been applied in various settings, including educational reforms like the Jigsaw Classroom technique, which promotes cooperative learning among diverse groups of students
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Muzafer Sherif's study involved 22 boys, aged ______ to ______, with similar socio-economic and educational backgrounds, unaware of their participation in an experiment.
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Stage 1 Focus in Sherif's Experiment
In-group formation via shared experiences to bond members.
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Stage 2 Hypothesis in Sherif's Experiment
Intergroup competition would lead to conflict.
