Social Exchange Theory is a framework in social psychology that views interpersonal relationships as economic exchanges aimed at maximizing benefits and minimizing costs. Developed by Thibaut and Kelley, it considers the balance of rewards and costs, the comparison level for satisfaction, and alternatives for relationship stability. The theory's influence extends to therapy, organizational behavior, and negotiation strategies, despite facing critiques for its quantifiable approach to complex human interactions.
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Social exchange theory is a conceptual framework within social psychology that analyzes interpersonal relationships through the paradigm of economic exchange
Founders
Social exchange theory was developed by John W. Thibaut and Harold H. Kelley in 1959
Key Concepts
The theory suggests that individuals seek to maintain relationships that provide more rewards than costs, considering factors such as emotional support, companionship, and social approval
The theory is applicable to various social interactions, ranging from familial bonds to professional relationships, and recognizes that the value of these exchanges may change over time
The 'comparison level' is a criterion that individuals use to gauge the health and satisfaction of their relationships
Factors
The comparison level is influenced by previous relationship experiences, observations of others' relationships, and cultural norms
Effects
The comparison level acts as a yardstick for individuals to measure the actual rewards they receive against what they believe they are entitled to, thereby influencing their contentment and commitment to the relationship
The 'comparison level for alternatives' refers to an individual's evaluation of the potential benefits they could receive from alternative relationships or situations, compared to what they are currently experiencing
This comparison influences decisions about whether to continue or terminate a relationship, based on the perceived rewards from an alternative compared to the current relationship
Human Behavior
Social exchange theory assumes that individuals act out of self-interest, seeking to maximize rewards and minimize costs
Rational Choices
The theory posits that people make rational choices based on the information available to them
Reciprocity
Relationships are built on the principle of reciprocity, where the exchange of benefits is expected to be balanced
Quantifiable Measures
Critics argue that the theory relies too heavily on quantifiable measures of social interactions, which may not capture the full complexity of human relationships
Communal Relationships
The theory may not adequately represent communal relationships, which are based on mutual concern rather than direct exchanges
Cultural and Individual Differences
The theory's general principles may not account for cultural and individual differences in relationship dynamics
00
The theory, established by ______ and ______, aims to explain why individuals strive to form relationships that offer more positive outcomes than negative ones.
John W. Thibaut
Harold H. Kelley
01
According to the theory, people engage in social interactions to increase rewards like ______ and ______ while reducing the likelihood of negative experiences.
emotional support
companionship
02
Definition of 'comparison level'
Subjective standard measuring expected relationship rewards based on personal and societal benchmarks.
