Newton's laws of motion are foundational principles in physics, detailing how objects behave at rest and in motion. The first law defines inertia, the second relates force, mass, and acceleration, and the third law introduces action-reaction pairs. These laws are crucial in classical mechanics but have limitations at relativistic speeds, strong gravitational fields, or quantum scales. Kinematics focuses on motion's mathematical description, while vector quantities like position, velocity, and acceleration are vital for analyzing motion in multiple dimensions. Forces, central to Newtonian mechanics, are vectors that cause acceleration and are key to understanding both static and dynamic systems.
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Objects will remain at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by a net external force
F=ma
Force is equal to the mass of an object multiplied by its acceleration
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction
Newtonian mechanics is not accurate for objects approaching the speed of light, experiencing extreme gravitational forces, or on the scale of atoms and subatomic particles
These theories offer more precise models for describing the behavior of matter and energy in extreme conditions
Kinematics involves defining the position of objects in space and time and describing how these positions change over time
Motion can be described along a single axis using concepts such as average velocity, instantaneous velocity, and acceleration
Vector quantities, including position, velocity, and acceleration, are essential for describing motion because they include both magnitude and direction
Force is a vector quantity that represents interactions that can cause an object to accelerate
Forces can arise from various sources, such as gravity, electromagnetic interactions, friction, tension, and normal contact forces
The second law of motion establishes a direct relationship between force, mass, and acceleration, which is fundamental for predicting the motion of objects
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