Understanding memory involves exploring its types—sensory, short-term, and long-term—and their roles in encoding, storage, and retrieval of information. The text delves into the multi-store and working memory models, mechanisms of forgetting, and techniques for memory improvement. It highlights the importance of processes like attention, rehearsal, and mnemonic devices in enhancing learning and recall.
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Sensory memory briefly holds sensory information before it is processed further
Capacity and Duration
STM can hold a limited amount of information for a short period of time without rehearsal
Role in Information Processing
STM plays a crucial role in the transfer of information to long-term memory through elaborative rehearsal
Types of LTM
LTM is divided into episodic, semantic, and procedural memory, each serving a different function
Capacity and Duration
LTM has a vast capacity and can retain information indefinitely
The multi-store model outlines the sequential flow of information through three stages: sensory, short-term, and long-term memory
Components of Working Memory
The working memory model includes the central executive, visuospatial sketchpad, phonological loop, and episodic buffer, highlighting the active role of STM in processing information
Interference Theory
Interference theory suggests that similar memories can overlap and lead to confusion and forgetting
Retrieval Failure
Retrieval failure occurs when necessary cues for memory recall are absent, preventing access to stored information
Techniques such as focused attention, spaced repetition, and chunking can improve memory consolidation
Elaborative Rehearsal
Elaborative rehearsal involves connecting new information to existing knowledge to enhance its storage in long-term memory
Mnemonic Devices
Mnemonic devices can aid in memory retention by creating associations and connections between information
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Encoding in Memory Process
Initial transformation of sensory input into a storable brain format.
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Memory Storage Function
Maintenance of encoded information over time within the brain.
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Retrieval of Stored Information
Accessing and using previously stored information from the brain when needed.
