Exploring the various research methodologies in psychology, this overview covers experimental and observational approaches, participant selection, and ethical principles. It delves into the importance of setting clear objectives, formulating hypotheses, and choosing appropriate research designs. The text also highlights the significance of ethical practices and the use of both qualitative and quantitative data analysis techniques in psychological investigations.
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Research methodologies provide structured ways to investigate mental processes and behaviors in a systematic and ethical manner
British Psychological Society (BPS) and American Psychological Association (APA)
These governing bodies set forth guidelines and standards for ethical considerations, peer-review process, and research practices in psychology
Compliance with ethical guidelines is crucial for psychologists to avoid ethical violations and contribute valid and consistent findings to the discipline's knowledge base
A thorough review of existing literature is critical for defining study objectives and formulating a testable hypothesis
A robust hypothesis is operational, grounded in theory or evidence, and designed to be tested through methodical investigation
Selecting a representative sample is fundamental for the validity and generalizability of research findings
Involves manipulation of an independent variable to assess its impact on a dependent variable, often in controlled or real-world settings
Naturalistic Observation
Systematic recording of behaviors in natural settings without manipulation of variables
Participant Observation
Systematic recording of behaviors in natural settings with active participation in the environment
Investigates the relationship between two variables without implying causation
Ethical guidelines ensure participant welfare through informed consent, confidentiality, and freedom to withdraw
Any use of deception must be critically evaluated and minimized to avoid potential risks to participants
Adherence to ethical guidelines is essential for conducting responsible and respectful research
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The ______ ______ ______ and the ______ ______ ______ provide ethical guidelines for psychological research.
British Psychological Society
American Psychological Association
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Initial step in psychological research
Review existing literature to understand the topic.
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Characteristics of a robust hypothesis
Operational, grounded in theory or evidence, testable.
